Photographs versus Fine Art Photographs
By Bruce Barnbaum–
Delicate Arch, Sunrise. © Bruce Barnbaum
Throughout my photographic career, I have been asked, “What is the difference between a fine art photograph and a regular photograph?” This question was asked explicitly at the last workshop I taught before completing the text for The Essence of Photography. It’s an excellent question, one that deserves thought and discussion.
My first answer is, “A lot of it is just pretentious bullshit.” It is pretentious on the part of artists themselves, and the gallery owners, museum curators, and university professors who have a vested interest in saying that their work, the work they show, or the work they judge can be put in one category or another.
Chair and Shadow, Convento San Miguel, Maní. © Bruce Barnbaum
Let’s face it, if work is shown in a gallery or approved for a thesis, it must be fine art, right? Unstated, of course, is the assumption that work that is not represented in the gallery or shown at the museum or approved for a thesis is not of that caliber, and therefore is just a plain old photograph.
However, to dismiss the question with such a flippant answer would debase the question itself, and would fail to go deeper. So let’s go deeper. If you make a photograph at a family gathering, club party, or on your two-week vacation, and you look at it 20 or 30 years later, it may bring back deep feelings of warmth and remembrance.
But if you show that photograph to almost anyone who is not part of the family or club, or who wasn’t on that vacation with you, it means nothing. It’s a group of people smiling or clowning around for the camera, or some building or mountain or animal that attracted you along the way, but it elicits nothing in the viewer. Such photographs comprise the vast majority of all photographs made.
Basin Mountain, Approaching Storm. © Bruce Barnbaum
On the other hand, you can show people a photograph by Paul Strand, Sebastião Salgado, Nick Brandt, or Brett Weston and they can be deeply touched, even though they weren’t there when the photograph was made, and they had nothing to do with the event or location or any other aspect of the image. These are photographs that reach a larger audience.
They say something, much as a Bach toccata says something and has done so for 300 years. This type of photograph is clearly a different entity from the group snapshot or vacation picture. Both are photographs because both were made via the photographic process, but everyone recognizes that there is a distinct difference between the two.
Road To Monument Valley. © Bruce Barnbaum
The problem is that trying to make a sharp-line demarcation between what is a fine art photograph and what is a regular photograph is useless because there is no sharp line. Instead, there’s a fuzzy gray area where one slowly merges into another. Within that gray area there can be a lot of controversy over the category in which any image belongs. Those arguments will never be settled.
I think it can be said that if a photograph is well composed (i.e., with interesting internal relationships), well lit (i.e., with appropriate or extraordinary lighting), well executed (i.e., sharp where sharpness is desirable, unsharp where unsharpness is acceptable or necessary, and appropriately exposed and printed), and it has the capacity to reach a wider audience, it can be considered a fine art photograph.
Bruce Barnbaum’s article is an excerpt from his new book, The Essence of Photography, Seeing and Creativity, published by rockynook, $39.95. Bruce is a master photographer, environmentalist and author who conducts photo workshops. To see more of his stunning work, you are invited to visit his website. Blog readers can get 40% off the price of the ebook version by using the coupon code essence40 here.
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January 1, 2016
Art may be judged by the number of people that stop and study the image vs. the number of people that walk on by.
March 20, 2015
To me, for a photograph to be considered art it must be more than just a record of a place, a person or an event. No matter how stunning a sunset a photograph of it is just a record of a stunning sunset. Art needs to have input from the artist, he, or she, must see the place or event in a way that the average person would not.
March 17, 2015
My thought is if it makes you “feel” something as you see it then it is the same as an artist putting brush to canvas. Many people don’t think photography is art because of the items we use to create the piece, but it’s the “eye” of the artist, the composition, the content and so many things that go into creating and sharing that artwork that make it just as meaningful as other piece of artwork.
March 15, 2015
The difference is marketing and price, with the gatekeepers who comprise the art “industry” being the arbiters. Artists who circumvent the gatekeepers are ignored by them, and often have a harder time.
March 15, 2015
When I am asked what ART is, I like to paraphrase the great Satchmo, Louis Armstrong, who answered the question “What is Jazz”, by saying “Man, if you got to ask, you’ll never know”!
March 14, 2015
I’ve been asked a similar question: Simply, “What is art?” My understanding is that if a piece is created to serve a function, it’s craft. But “art” is used generically and applied to crafts, so to be more specific, the term “fine art” is used for non-functional art.
A photo that tries to sell something, reports an event or simply records a place or face falls into the “functional” category. “Fine art” is art created and appreciated for its aesthetics. Another term, “les beaux arts” is the same.
March 14, 2015
Beautiful work. As a pretty serious photographer, your work gives me a lot to aspire to.
March 14, 2015
Fine Art Photography is like what a judge once said about pornography … I can’t explain it, but I know it when I see it.
For me, there is no technical explanation, it is a matter of being personally moved by an image based on my on experience, and not because some one else or a gallery owner tells me. The challenge is to continually learn to recognize what it is that moves me, and see that purely, untainted by what “should” or “should not” be. Then as my vision evolves, I am more likely to express and articulate that in my own photographic work.
Cheers, Dana Foy